A Method of Immunization with Carbohydrate Haptens Adsorbed on Collodion Particles.

The thirteen stations in Series A were visited at various times during the summer, and consequently the results do not represent a continuous proffie. They indicate that water movements of a very fundamental sort take place. This is especially noticeable in the vicinity of the slope, where the influence of oceanic water varies over many miles, extending considerably further inshore at some times than at others. Phosphate and nitrate concentrations at inshore stations, not only in these two series but in others in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, were found to be variable, even over comparatively short periods of time. This is to be expected from the continuous movements of water due to tidal currents, etc., and is in accord with similar results obtained by the author in the neritic waters of the Gulf of Maine. It is evident that inshore waters can not be distinguished or characterized in terms of their phosphate or nitrate content. The interpretation of the variations in nitrite is a problem in itself. With a few significant exceptions the following general principles seem to be true: Nitrite is seldom, if ever, found at the surface, and almost always found at the bottom, although there is usually not a very high concentration at the bottom of oceanic stations. It is exceedingly variable from time to time. It is apparently used up by some process at the surface and produced by some process at or near the bottom. This last conclusion is supported by the fact that nitrite-free sea-water inoculated with nitrite-free bottom mud develops nirite on standing. There were a few cases of exceptionally high nitrite values for which no good reason was apparent, although it may be significant that these came from stations visited earlier in the season than any others. The source, variations and fate of nitrite will receive intensive study in a future investigation.